Female Pelvis Nursing Notes | Structure, Types & Diameters Explained
Female Pelvis – Structure, Types and Diameters (GNM 3rd Year Nursing Notes)
By Emanuel Ind, RN (ANMC, INC)
Introduction
The female pelvis is an important anatomical structure in obstetrics and nursing. It plays a vital role in childbirth by providing a passage for the fetus during delivery. The shape, size and dimensions of the pelvis determine whether normal vaginal delivery is possible.
For GNM 1st year students, the study of female pelvis is very important as it is frequently asked in exams and is essential for understanding labour and delivery.
What is Female Pelvis?
The female pelvis is a bony structure formed by pelvic bones that supports abdominal organs and provides a passage for childbirth.
Structure of Female Pelvis
The pelvis is divided into two main parts:
1. False Pelvis (Greater Pelvis)
- Located above the pelvic brim
- Supports abdominal organs
- Not directly involved in childbirth
2. True Pelvis (Lesser Pelvis)
- Located below the pelvic brim
- Forms the birth canal
- Very important in labour
Bones of Female Pelvis
- Two hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
Joints of Pelvis
- Sacroiliac joints
- Symphysis pubis
- Sacrococcygeal joint
These joints allow slight movement during childbirth.
Pelvic Inlet, Cavity and Outlet
Pelvic Inlet
- Upper opening of pelvis
- Entry point of fetus
Pelvic Cavity
- Middle portion
- Passage for fetus
Pelvic Outlet
- Lower opening
- Exit during delivery
Types of Female Pelvis
1. Gynecoid Pelvis
- Rounded shape
- Wide inlet
- Ideal for normal delivery
2. Android Pelvis
- Heart-shaped
- Narrow cavity
- Difficult labour
3. Anthropoid Pelvis
- Oval shape
- Suitable for delivery
4. Platypelloid Pelvis
- Flat shape
- Wide but shallow
Comparison of Pelvis Types
| Type | Shape | Delivery |
|---|---|---|
| Gynecoid | Round | Easy |
| Android | Heart-shaped | Difficult |
| Anthropoid | Oval | Moderate |
| Platypelloid | Flat | Difficult |
Diameters of Female Pelvis
Pelvic Inlet
- Anteroposterior (true conjugate) ~11 cm
- Transverse ~13 cm
- Oblique ~12 cm
Pelvic Cavity
- Relatively uniform diameters
Pelvic Outlet
- Anteroposterior ~13 cm
- Transverse ~11 cm
Important Conjugates
True Conjugate
Distance from sacral promontory to pubic symphysis
Obstetric Conjugate
Smallest diameter important for delivery
Diagonal Conjugate
Measured clinically
Importance of Pelvic Diameters
- Determines ease of labour
- Helps assess fetal passage
- Guides delivery method
Differences Between Male and Female Pelvis
| Feature | Female | Male |
|---|---|---|
| Shape | Wide | Narrow |
| Inlet | Round | Heart-shaped |
| Outlet | Large | Small |
| Function | Childbirth | Support |
Nursing Importance
- Assess pelvic adequacy
- Assist in labour
- Identify abnormalities
- Prepare for delivery
Complications of Abnormal Pelvis
- Obstructed labour
- Prolonged labour
- Cesarean section
- Fetal distress
Key Points for Exams
- Female pelvis forms birth canal
- Gynecoid is ideal type
- Diameters determine labour
- Obstetric conjugate is most important
Conclusion
The female pelvis is essential in childbirth. Understanding its structure, types and diameters helps nurses provide safe and effective care during labour.
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice.
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