Active and Passive Exercises Nursing Notes | Types, Benefits & Care

 

Exercises – Active and Passive | Nursing Notes (GNM 1st Year)

By Emanuel Ind, RN ( ANMC, INC )


Introduction

Exercise is an important part of maintaining health, mobility and overall well-being. In nursing care, exercise plays a vital role in preventing complications such as muscle weakness, stiffness and poor circulation. Patients who are bedridden or recovering from illness may require assistance in performing exercises.

Active and passive exercises are commonly used in nursing practice to maintain muscle strength, joint flexibility and improve circulation. Nurses play a key role in encouraging and assisting patients to perform these exercises safely.

For GNM 1st year students, this topic is important for both theory exams and clinical practice.


What are Exercises?

Exercises are physical activities performed to maintain or improve strength, flexibility, circulation and overall health.


Types of Exercises

  • Active exercises

  • Passive exercises


Active Exercises

Definition

Active exercises are movements performed by the patient using their own muscle power without assistance.

Types

  • Free active exercise

  • Assisted active exercise

  • Resistive exercise

Examples

  • Walking

  • Stretching

  • Arm and leg movements

  • Deep breathing exercises

Benefits

  • Improves muscle strength

  • Enhances flexibility

  • Improves circulation

  • Prevents stiffness

  • Promotes independence

Indications

  • Patients able to move independently

  • Recovery phase

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Assess patient ability

  • Encourage participation

  • Monitor tolerance


Passive Exercises

Definition

Passive exercises are movements performed by the nurse without patient effort.

Types

  • Range of motion exercises

  • Joint movements

Examples

  • Moving limbs

  • Joint bending

Benefits

  • Prevent stiffness

  • Maintain muscle tone

  • Improve circulation

  • Prevent contractures

Indications

  • Unconscious patients

  • Paralysed patients

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Perform gently

  • Support joints

  • Observe response


Differences Between Active and Passive Exercises

FeatureActivePassive
Performed byPatientNurse
Muscle effortRequiredNot required
IndependenceHighLow

Principles of Exercise

  • Start slowly

  • Maintain posture

  • Avoid overexertion

  • Provide rest


Complications of Lack of Exercise

  • Muscle weakness

  • Joint stiffness

  • Bed sores


Nursing Responsibilities

  • Assess patient

  • Plan exercises

  • Assist safely

  • Monitor response


Key Points for Exams

  • Active = patient performs

  • Passive = nurse performs

  • Prevent complications


Conclusion

Active and passive exercises are essential in nursing care. They improve mobility, circulation and recovery. Nurses must guide patients properly for safe practice.


Medical Disclaimer

This content is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice.


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