Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) Nursing Notes | Causes, Signs & Management

 

Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) – Causes, Signs, Management & Nursing Care

By Emanuel Ind, RN (ANMC, INC)

Introduction

Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious obstetric emergency and one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Early recognition and prompt management are essential. For GNM students, this is an important exam topic.

What is Postpartum Hemorrhage?

Postpartum hemorrhage is excessive bleeding after childbirth, usually defined as blood loss more than 500 ml after vaginal delivery or 1000 ml after cesarean section.

Types of PPH

  1. Primary PPH – within 24 hours of delivery

  2. Secondary PPH – after 24 hours up to 6 weeks

Causes of PPH (4 Ts)

  • Tone (uterine atony – most common)

  • Trauma (tears, lacerations)

  • Tissue (retained placenta)

  • Thrombin (clotting disorders)

Signs and Symptoms

  • Excessive vaginal bleeding

  • Weakness and dizziness

  • Tachycardia

  • Hypotension

  • Pallor

Management of PPH

  • Uterine massage

  • Administration of uterotonics (oxytocin)

  • IV fluids and blood transfusion

  • Removal of retained placenta

  • Surgical intervention if needed

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor vital signs frequently

  • Assess uterine tone and bleeding

  • Maintain IV line and fluids

  • Assist in emergency management

  • Provide emotional support

  • Record all findings accurately

Key Points for Exams

  • PPH is a life-threatening emergency

  • Most common cause: uterine atony

  • Early detection is critical

  • Management includes uterotonics and fluids

FAQ

What is PPH?

Excessive bleeding after childbirth.

What is the most common cause?

Uterine atony.

What are the types?

Primary and secondary PPH.

What is the first step in management?

Uterine massage.

Conclusion

Postpartum hemorrhage requires immediate attention and proper nursing care. Understanding causes, signs and management helps save lives. Nursing students must be well prepared for this topic.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice.

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