Long Answer Questions on Excretory System GNM 1st Year | NursingNotesGNM
Long Answer Questions (5 Marks) – Excretory System | GNM 1st Year Anatomy & Physiology
Introduction
Long answer questions carry good weightage in GNM 1st year Anatomy & Physiology examinations. Writing proper points with headings helps students score full marks. This Blogger-ready post provides important 5-mark long answer questions with answers from the Excretory System for nursing exam preparation.
🧠Long Answer Questions with Answers – Excretory System (5 Marks)
1. Define excretory system and explain its functions.
Answer:
The excretory system is the system responsible for removal of metabolic waste products and excess water from the body.
Functions:
Removes nitrogenous wastes (urea, creatinine)
Maintains fluid balance
Regulates electrolyte levels
Helps control blood pressure
Maintains acid–base balance
Produces hormones like erythropoietin and renin
2. Describe the structure of kidney.
Answer:
Each human has two kidneys situated on either side of the vertebral column.
Parts of kidney:
Renal capsule
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis
The medulla contains renal pyramids. The pelvis collects urine and passes it to ureter. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.
3. Explain nephron with diagram description.
Answer:
Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney.
Parts:
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Collecting duct
Functions of nephron include filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
4. Explain the process of urine formation.
Answer:
Urine formation occurs in three steps:
Filtration: Blood is filtered in glomerulus.
Reabsorption: Useful substances are reabsorbed mainly in PCT.
Secretion: Waste substances are secreted into tubules.
Final urine is collected in renal pelvis and passed to bladder.
5. Write about hormones related to kidney.
Answer:
ADH: Increases water reabsorption.
Aldosterone: Regulates sodium balance.
Renin: Controls blood pressure.
Erythropoietin: Stimulates RBC production.
Vitamin D activation: Helps calcium absorption.
6. Describe urinary bladder and micturition.
Answer:
Urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine.
Functions:
Temporary storage of urine
Expulsion of urine
Micturition: It is the process of emptying urine from bladder through urethra.
7. Write short notes on common urinary disorders.
Answer:
UTI: Infection of urinary tract
Hematuria: Blood in urine
Oliguria: Decreased urine output
Anuria: Absence of urine
Renal calculi: Kidney stones
✅ Key Points for GNM Exams
Write answers in points.
Use headings for full marks.
Focus on nephron and urine formation.
Practice diagrams if possible.
Conclusion
Long answer questions from the Excretory System are important for scoring well in GNM 1st year Anatomy & Physiology exams. Regular practice of these 5-mark questions improves writing skills and concept clarity. Revise daily and combine with MCQs and short answers for best results.
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice.
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