GNM 1st Year Anatomy & Physiology Blood – 10 Marks Questions with Diagrams | NursingNotesGNM

 

GNM 1st Year Anatomy and Physiology – Blood | 10 Marks Long Answer Questions with Diagrams

By NursingNotesGNM | Updated for GNM Final Exam 2026

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GNM 1st Year Anatomy & Physiology Blood – 10 Marks Questions with Diagrams | NursingNotesGNM

The unit Blood is a high‑weightage chapter in GNM 1st Year Anatomy and Physiology. Questions from this unit are frequently asked as 10 marks long answers in GNM Final Exams, ANM, Staff Nurse, NORCET, AIIMS, and various State Nursing Examinations.

At NursingNotesGNM, these answers are prepared strictly as per the INC syllabus, written in simple nursing language, and structured with headings, subheadings, and diagrams to help students score maximum marks.

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Important 10 Marks Questions with Answers – Blood (GNM)

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1. Define blood and describe its composition

Answer:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body.

Composition of Blood:

A. Plasma (55%)

• Water (90%)

• Plasma proteins – albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

• Electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, waste products

B. Formed Elements (45%)

• Red blood cells (RBC)

• White blood cells (WBC)

• Platelets

Functions:

• Transport of oxygen and nutrients

• Removal of waste products

• Regulation of body temperature

• Protection and clotting

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2. Describe Red Blood Cells (RBC) with structure and functions

Answer:
RBC are also called erythrocytes.

Features:

• Biconcave shape

• Contain hemoglobin

• Life span: 120 days

Functions:

• Transport oxygen

• Carry carbon dioxide

Formation and Destruction:

• Formed in bone marrow

• Destroyed mainly in spleen

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3. Describe White Blood Cells (WBC) with types and functions

Answer:
WBC are called leukocytes and protect the body from infection.

Types:

• Neutrophils

• Eosinophils

• Basophils

• Lymphocytes

• Monocytes

Functions:

• Fight infection

• Provide immunity

• Destroy foreign particles

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4. Describe platelets with functions

Answer:
Platelets are also known as thrombocytes.

Features:

• Small, colorless cell fragments

• Life span: 7–10 days

Functions:

• Help in blood clotting

• Prevent excessive bleeding

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5. Describe plasma and its functions

Answer:
Plasma is the liquid part of blood.

Components:

• Water

• Plasma proteins

• Electrolytes

• Nutrients

Functions:

• Transport substances

• Maintain blood volume

• Help in clotting

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6. Explain blood groups (ABO and Rh system)

Answer:
Blood groups are classified mainly by ABO system and Rh factor.

ABO System:

• A, B, AB, O

Rh System:

• Rh positive

• Rh negative

O negative – universal donor
AB positive – universal recipient

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7. Describe coagulation of blood

Answer:
Coagulation is the process of blood clot formation.

Steps:

• Platelet activation

• Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

• Formation of clot

Vitamin K is essential for coagulation.

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8. Write a short note on anemia

Answer:
Anemia is a condition characterized by reduced hemoglobin or RBC.

Causes:

• Iron deficiency

• Blood loss

• Chronic disease

Symptoms:

• Fatigue

• Pallor

• Breathlessness

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9. Explain functions of blood

Answer:

• Transport of oxygen and nutrients

• Removal of waste products

• Regulation of temperature

• Protection from infection

• Prevention of blood loss by clotting

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10. Describe hematopoiesis

Answer:
Hematopoiesis is the process of formation of blood cells.

Sites:

• Red bone marrow

Cells formed:

• RBC

• WBC

• Platelets

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GNM Exam Writing Tips – NursingNotesGNM

• Start with definition

• Write point‑wise

• Add diagrams

• Maintain word limit

• Highlight headings

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