Digestive System 10 Marks Questions & Answers – GNM 1st Year Anatomy | NursingNotesGNM
Digestive System – 10 Marks Questions & Answers (GNM 1st Year Anatomy & Physiology)
📑 Table of Contents
Introduction
10 Marks Questions & Answers (1–8)
Diagram Tips
Quick Revision Points
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📘 Introduction
These 10 Marks Questions & Answers on the Digestive System are prepared for GNM 1st Year Nursing examinations. Answers are written in long-answer format with headings and key points for maximum marks.
✅ Digestive System – 10 Marks Q&A
1. Describe the Digestive System with diagram.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. Its main function is ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism and elimination.
Alimentary Canal:
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
• Large intestine
• Rectum and anus
Accessory Organs:
• Salivary glands
• Liver
• Gall bladder
• Pancreas
Functions:
• Ingestion of food
• Mechanical and chemical digestion
• Absorption of nutrients
• Metabolism
• Elimination of waste
2. Explain digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Carbohydrates:
Begins in mouth by salivary amylase. Pancreatic amylase continues digestion in small intestine. Intestinal enzymes convert carbohydrates into glucose which is absorbed into blood.
Proteins:
Digestion starts in stomach by pepsin forming peptides. In small intestine, trypsin and other enzymes convert peptides into amino acids which enter blood.
Fats:
Bile emulsifies fats. Lipase breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerol which are absorbed through lacteals.
3. Describe the structure and functions of stomach.
Structure:
The stomach is a J-shaped muscular organ with cardiac, fundus, body and pyloric regions.
Functions:
• Stores food
• Digests proteins
• Secretes gastric juice
• Converts food into chyme
• Destroys bacteria
4. Describe small intestine and absorption of nutrients.
The small intestine is the longest part of alimentary canal. It has villi which increase surface area.
Functions:
• Completes digestion
• Absorbs nutrients
Absorption:
Glucose and amino acids enter blood capillaries. Fatty acids enter lacteals. Water is absorbed mainly in large intestine.
5. Explain liver and its functions.
The liver is the largest digestive gland.
Functions:
• Secretion of bile
• Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
• Detoxification
• Storage of glycogen and vitamins
• Formation of plasma proteins
6. Describe pancreas and its functions.
Pancreas is both endocrine and exocrine gland.
Functions:
• Secretes digestive enzymes
• Produces insulin and glucagon
• Regulates blood sugar
• Helps digestion of food
7. Explain absorption and metabolism.
Absorption is passage of digested nutrients into blood and lymph. Metabolism includes anabolism and catabolism. Liver plays major role in metabolism.
8. Describe large intestine and defecation.
Large intestine absorbs water and salts, forms feces and stores waste. Defecation is elimination of feces through anus.
✏ Diagram Tips (For Exams)
• Draw full digestive system • Label stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine • Keep diagram neat and simple
🌟 Quick Revision Points
Mouth starts digestion
Stomach digests proteins
Small intestine absorbs nutrients
Liver controls metabolism
Pancreas regulates sugar
Large intestine absorbs water
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