10 Mark Long Answer Questions on Endocrine System GNM 1st Year | Nursing Anatomy | NursingNotesGNM

 

10 Mark Long Answer Questions – Endocrine System | GNM 1st Year Anatomy & Physiology

By NursingNotesGNM | Updated for GNM Final Exam 2026

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Introduction

Ten-mark questions carry high weightage in GNM 1st year Anatomy & Physiology examinations. Writing answers with headings, subheadings, and points helps in scoring full marks. This Blogger-ready post provides important 10-mark long answer questions with answers from the Endocrine System for nursing exam preparation.

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🧠 10 Mark Long Answer Questions with Answers – Endocrine System

1. Describe the endocrine system and explain the pituitary gland with its hormones.

Answer: The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into blood.

Functions of endocrine system:

• Regulates growth and development

• Controls metabolism

• Maintains internal balance

• Regulates reproduction

• Helps in stress response

Pituitary gland: Known as the master gland.

Hormones:

• Growth hormone

• Prolactin

• TSH

• ACTH

• FSH

• LH

• ADH

• Oxytocin

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2. Describe thyroid and parathyroid glands with their hormones and functions.

Answer:

Thyroid gland: Located in front of neck.

Hormone: Thyroxine

Functions:

• Regulates basal metabolic rate

• Helps in growth

• Maintains body temperature

Parathyroid gland: Usually four in number.

Hormone: Parathormone

Functions:

• Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels

• Maintains bone health

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3. Explain adrenal glands with hormones and functions.

Answer: Adrenal glands are located above kidneys.

Adrenal cortex hormones: Cortisol, Aldosterone

Adrenal medulla hormone: Adrenaline

Functions:

• Stress response

• Regulation of electrolytes

• Maintenance of blood pressure

• Controls metabolism

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4. Describe pancreas (islets of Langerhans).

Answer: Pancreas has endocrine part called islets of Langerhans.

Hormones:

• Insulin – lowers blood glucose

• Glucagon – increases blood glucose

Functions:

• Regulates blood sugar

• Maintains energy balance

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5. Describe ovaries and testes with hormones.

Answer:

Ovaries: Secrete estrogen and progesterone. Functions:

• Development of female secondary sex characters

• Regulation of menstrual cycle

Testes: Secrete testosterone. Functions:

• Development of male secondary sex characters

• Spermatogenesis

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6. Write in detail about common endocrine disorders.

Answer:

• Diabetes mellitus

• Goiter

• Addison’s disease

• Cushing’s syndrome

• Hyperthyroidism

• Hypothyroidism

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✅ Exam Writing Tips

• Write answers in points

• Use headings

• Mention hormones clearly

• Draw diagrams if required

• Practice regularly

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Conclusion

Ten-mark questions from the Endocrine System are important for scoring high in GNM 1st year Anatomy & Physiology exams. Understanding structure, hormones, and functions of glands helps students write complete answers. Regular revision improves confidence and performance.

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Medical Disclaimer

This content is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice.

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