GNM First Year Anatomy & Physiology | The Cell - MCQs | NursingNotesGNM

 

The Cell: Structure, Reproduction and Function – MCQs

This post contains exam-oriented Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on The Cell: Structure, Reproduction and Function, specially prepared for GNM, BSc Nursing, Staff Nurse, NORCET, AIIMS and other nursing examinations. These MCQs are useful for practice, revision, and competitive exams.

Introduction

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. MCQs from this chapter are frequently asked in nursing entrance exams and first-year anatomy examinations. Practicing these questions helps students understand cell structure, cell organelles, and cell reproduction in a simple and effective way.

MCQs on The Cell

1. The basic structural and functional unit of life is:

A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. System

✅ Correct Answer: C. Cell

2. The branch of science that deals with the study of cells is called:

A. Histology
B. Cytology
C. Anatomy
D. Physiology

✅ Correct Answer: B. Cytology

3. Which of the following is NOT a part of the cell theory?

A. All living organisms are made up of cells
B. Cell is the basic unit of life
C. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
D. Cells arise spontaneously

✅ Correct Answer: D. Cells arise spontaneously

4. Human body cells are:

A. Prokaryotic
B. Eukaryotic
C. Plant cells
D. Bacterial cells

✅ Correct Answer: B. Eukaryotic

5. The outermost covering of the cell is called:

A. Nuclear membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Plasma membrane
D. Cytoplasm

✅ Correct Answer: C. Plasma membrane

6. The plasma membrane is best described as:

A. Freely permeable
B. Impermeable
C. Semi-permeable
D. Rigid structure

✅ Correct Answer: C. Semi-permeable

7. The fluid mosaic model explains the structure of the:

A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
C. Plasma membrane
D. Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: C. Plasma membrane

8. The jelly-like substance present between the nucleus and cell membrane is:

A. Cytosol
B. Cytoplasm
C. Nucleoplasm
D. Protoplasm

✅ Correct Answer: B. Cytoplasm

9. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosome

✅ Correct Answer: C. Mitochondria

10. ATP is mainly produced in the:

A. Ribosomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: D. Mitochondria

11. Ribosomes are involved in:

A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. Carbohydrate digestion
D. Energy production

✅ Correct Answer: B. Protein synthesis

12. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is associated with:

A. Lipid synthesis
B. Detoxification
C. Protein synthesis
D. Cell division

✅ Correct Answer: C. Protein synthesis

13. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is mainly involved in:

A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid synthesis
C. Ribosome formation
D. ATP production

✅ Correct Answer: B. Lipid synthesis

14. The organelle responsible for packaging and transport of proteins is:

A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Lysosome
D. Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: B. Golgi apparatus

15. Lysosomes are also known as:

A. Powerhouse of the cell
B. Suicide bags of the cell
C. Control center of the cell
D. Protein factories

✅ Correct Answer: B. Suicide bags of the cell

16. The control center of the cell is the:

A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: B. Nucleus

17. Genetic material (DNA) is present in the:

A. Cytoplasm
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus

✅ Correct Answer: C. Nucleus

18. Which structure inside the nucleus is responsible for ribosome formation?

A. Chromatin
B. Nuclear membrane
C. Nucleolus
D. Nucleoplasm

✅ Correct Answer: C. Nucleolus

19. Mitosis occurs in:

A. Germ cells
B. Reproductive cells
C. Somatic cells
D. Sex cells

✅ Correct Answer: C. Somatic cells

20. The number of daughter cells formed after mitosis is:

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

✅ Correct Answer: B. Two

21. Which stage of mitosis is characterized by alignment of chromosomes at the equator?

A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase

✅ Correct Answer: B. Metaphase

22. Separation of sister chromatids occurs during:

A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase

✅ Correct Answer: C. Anaphase

23. Meiosis occurs in:

A. Somatic cells
B. Body cells
C. Germ cells
D. Skin cells

✅ Correct Answer: C. Germ cells

24. Meiosis results in:

A. Two identical cells
B. Four identical cells
C. Two different cells
D. Four genetically different cells

✅ Correct Answer: D. Four genetically different cells

25. The main function of meiosis is:

A. Growth
B. Tissue repair
C. Formation of gametes
D. Protein synthesis

✅ Correct Answer: C. Formation of gametes

Exam-Oriented Key Points

  • Cell is the basic unit of life

  • Mitochondria produce energy

  • Ribosomes synthesize proteins

  • Mitosis is responsible for growth and repair

  • Meiosis is essential for reproduction

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the basic unit of life?

The cell is the basic unit of life.

Which organelle produces energy?

Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP.

How many daughter cells are formed in meiosis?

Four daughter cells are formed in meiosis.

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